Exploration of endophytic Bacillus -derived secondary metabolites from mosses through GC-MS profiling

Bacterial metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria facilitate novel drug development for animals, humans and plants. This study aimed to identify the different secondary metabolites produced by moss-derived endophytic bacteria Bacillus pumilus. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface- sterilized mosses, screened for enzymatic activity and identified via 16S rDNA sequencing. Secondary metabolites were extracted, analyzed using FTIR for functional groups and characterized through GC-MS. Morphological, biochemical and molecular (16S rDNA) characterization was carried out for the isolates from three moss species Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Barbula viennealis and Plagiothecium cavifolium. Each isolate can produce at least two industrially significant enzymes including esterase, cellulase, amylases and proteases. Gas chromatogram mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) of B. pumilus extract demonstrated the occurrence of the compounds such as Pentadecanoic acid, 13 methyl-, methyl ester, Benzoic acid, 2- amino-6- chloro-methyl ester, Molybdenum, tricarbonyl tris (trimethyl phosphite-P)-, 3'H-Cycloprop(1,2)-5- cholest-1-en-3-one, Benzaldehyde,4-methoxy N hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid), Tungsten, dicarbonyl-(ü-4-pinocarvone) [1,2-bis (dimethyl phosphine) ethane] Boronic acid, ethyl-, dimethyl ester Phenol, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-, Stigmastan-6,22-dien, 3,5-dihydro, Phthalic acid, 2TMS derivative Prostaglandin D(2), O, O'-bis (trimethylsilyl)-, trimethylsilyl ester. These volatile organic compounds hold the potential as favorable candidates for advancing pharmaceutics and agriculture industries.