Comparison of Different Treatment Approaches for Localized Prostate Cancer

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, with most cases detected at early, non-metastatic stages. Managing localized prostate cancer requires balancing treatment efficacy with the preservation of quality of life. This article reviews the adverse effects that have been reported by patients receiving different treatment approaches for localized prostate cancer, including active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well as their overall survival rate. Due to study variations, it is difficult to measure each adverse effect precisely. Nevertheless, most studies agreed that active surveillance suits low-risk patients, offering high survival rates of up to 88% with minimal immediate side effects but requiring careful monitoring. “Radical prostatectomy is associated with the best 10-year overall survival rates (84-90%) but can lead to urinary and erectile dysfunction problems. EBRT and brachytherapy are noninvasive alternatives showing reasonable survival rates, though they may cause bowel or erectile function disturbances. SBRT offers shorter treatment times and favorable outcomes, but can also impact erectile, bowel, and urinary function. Treatment choice should be tailored to patient factors, including comorbidities, life expectancy, and personal preferences. Comprehensive patient education on potential outcomes and side effects is essential for informed decision-making. Future research should study refining these treatments and exploring new modalities to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.