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The term “inflammation,” with ancient origins, has originally described well-known signs and symptoms such as rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain) and functio lasea (loss of function). Inflammation is recognized as a complex and dynamic response to tissue damage caused by various factors such as toxins, environmental triggers, trauma, or infections. While some inflammatory reactions can be harmful, others play a beneficial role in wound healing and infection control. Diseases where pathological inflammation predominates are typically indicated by the suffix “-itis.” Inflammation primarily arises from immune system reactions involving both cell-mediated and humoral responses. There are two main types of inflammation, viz ., acute and chronic. Acute inflammation has a rapid onset and short duration, with an abundance of neutrophils in the cellular infiltrate. On the other hand, chronic inflammation sets in more gradually and can last for an extended period, often involving other immune cells. Nanotechnology has significantly advanced drug delivery methods, and various types of nanoparticles exhibit unique properties that offer novel therapeutic options. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been effectively delivered using nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery techniques. Targeting the pathophysiology of inflammation has proven beneficial for disorders affecting bones, skin, and internal organs, allowing for lower medical doses while enhancing therapeutic effects. This chapter explores nanoparticles with potential anti-inflammatory effects and discusses the promising future applications of nanocarriers in treating inflammatory diseases. Some examples of nanocarriers used as anti-inflammatory agents include hyaluronic acid–coated solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-sized elastic niosomes, polycaprolactone nanoparticles dispersed in fibrin glue–based gel system, and hyaluronic acid hydrogel–based hydroxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers. These nanocarriers hold the potential to revolutionize the treatment of inflammatory conditions.