Exploring the influence of probiotic administration routes on immune responses in atopic march

B. ovatus had better effects via oral administration while 74-B and YCFA-33 had better effects via nasal administration. Oral administration is not always the best route. Probiotics may mitigate allergic reactions and pulmonary inflammation. These findings could contribute to the development of innovative biomarkers and early interventions for managing asthma and atopic disorders.