Effective anti-doping testing program during major sport events: a comparative analysis of two multi-sport tournaments held in Poland in 2017 and 2023

Despite structural similarities and the involvement of shared institutional stakeholders, EG 2023 represented a significant scale-up in ADP due to the increased number of athletes, greater geographical dispersion, and enhanced testing complexity. These findings underscore the necessity for scalable, context-specific and coordinated anti-doping strategies. These need to be tailored to the unique operational demands of MSTs, distinguishing them from single-sport events.