Innovative strategies for optimizing $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ sequestration in wetland ecosystems

Abstract Wetlands play a crucial role in climate change mitigation by acting as natural carbon sinks, capturing $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 in biomass and sediments. However, 64–71% of global wetlands have been degraded since 1900, reducing their sequestration potential (Davidson in Mar Freshw Res. 65(10):934–41, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14173 ). This study explores microbial bioaugmentation with diatoms and cyanobacteria as an innovative strategy to restore and enhance these ecosystems, complemented by adaptive management techniques. A mathematical model is presented to estimate $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 sequestration rates, supported by empirical validation and sensitivity analysis. Three implementation scenarios—local, regional, and global—are evaluated for scalability. The study also discusses ecological risks, mitigation strategies, and economic incentives. This approach provides a cost-effective solution for wetland restoration, aligning with global climate targets.