High Yield, Low Magnesium Flexizyme Reactions in a Water-Ice Eutectic Phase

Flexizymes enable the stoichiometric acylation of tRNAs with a variety of compounds, enabling the <i>in vitro</i> translation of peptides with both non-natural backbones and side chains. However, flexizyme reactions have several drawbacks, including single-turnover kinetics, high Mg(II) carryover, inhibiting <i>in vitro</i> translation, and rapid product hydrolysis. Here we present flexizyme reactions utilizing an ice-eutectic phase, with high yields, 30 times lower Mg(II), and long-term product stability. The eutectic flexizyme reactions increase the ease of use, yield and flexibility of aminoacylation and significantly increase the <i>in vitro</i> protein production.