Are Sex-Specific Cutoffs Needed With a Next-Generation Urine Tenofovir Lateral Flow Assay for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring?

Accurate point-of-care tools are needed to detect early nonadherence to daily HIV regimens and support timely transitions to long-acting options. Emerging evidence suggests that females may require higher adherence than males to achieve equivalent protection. Our next-generation urine tenofovir assay showed high accuracy across sexes but lower urine drug levels among female participants.