Enhanced rotator cuff tendon-bone interface regeneration with injectable manganese-based mesoporous silica nanoparticle-loaded dual crosslinked hydrogels

The self-healing and injectable properties of Mn-MSN@Gel ensure precise delivery and stable integration in vivo. By combining mechanical support with sustained release of bioactive ions, Mn-MSN@Gel provides a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for regenerative repair of the tendon-bone interface. Its biocompatibility and bioactivity facilitate cell recruitment, migration, and lineage-specific differentiation, which are crucial for reconstructing the functional gradient structure of the TBI. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects further contribute to a favorable healing microenvironment. Overall, these findings indicate that Mn-MSN@Gel is a foundational biomaterial with significant therapeutic potential for enhancing structural regeneration and functional recovery of the TBI following rotator cuff injury.