Inter‐organ crosstalk: The kidney's role in systemic health and disease

This review elucidates the critical role of inter-organ crosstalk in systemic health, focusing on the kidney's interactions with the heart, bone marrow, lung, liver, intestine, bone-vascular, and nervous system. These interactions are vital for maintaining physiological homeostasis and are mediated by hormones, cytokines, and metabolites. The kidney's role in these networks is pivotal, as dysfunction can exacerbate systemic diseases, highlighting the need for integrated therapeutic strategies. Chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury serve as key examples of how kidney dysfunction impacts other organs, leading to complex disease states. The central idea is that the kidney functions within a network of physiological processes, influencing and being influenced by other organs. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying kidney-related inter-organ communication, emphasizing the significance of these interactions in disease progression. We explore how advanced computational models and multi-omics approaches can enhance our understanding of these complex networks, paving the way for precision medicine. The insights derived from this work underscore the potential for future research in developing innovative treatments that target these intricate pathways. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and leveraging emerging technologies, we aim to address the multifaceted nature of systemic diseases, offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention. This review represents a paradigm shift from reductionist to integrative approaches, emphasizing the importance of systemic balance and adaptation in human health, and sets the stage for future exploration into the interconnectedness of body systems.