Does persistent active trachoma mandate antibiotic mass drug administration? A comparison of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular with that of conjunctival infection and anti-chlamydial antibodies, Western Province, Zambia

Based on TF prevalence, this population qualified for additional antibiotic mass drug administration rounds, but PCR and serology-more specific indicators of current or recent C. trachomatis infection than TF-confirmed an absence of significant current community C. trachomatis transmission, allowing a transition to surveillance. Adding these indicators is helpful in persistent active trachoma.