Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm involving a tortuous vertebral artery: a single-center 100-patient series with surgical nuances and literature review

Patients with HFS involving the VA as the offending vessel had distinct clinicosurgical features compared with those without VA compression. Furthermore, during MVD for VA-involved HFS, special attention is required to avoid missing concurrent small arteries beneath the VA on the NVC site of the affected facial nerve.