Exploring Tinospora cordifolia's Therapeutic Potential Against Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Mediated Erythrocyte Impairment

This study aimed to investigate how Lambda-Cyhalothrin (LC) affects erythrocytes and the mechanisms through which Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) from Tinospora cordifolia influence human erythrocytes in vitro. Tinospora cordifolia is known for its powerful antioxidant properties due to its high SOD and CAT content, which are thought to protect cells from oxidative damage. Using an erythrocyte model, various parameters were assessed like hemolysis and percentage of methemoglobin formation, lipid peroxidation levels, SOD and CAT activities, protein damage via SDS-PAGE analysis, and antioxidant enzyme activity through native PAGE electrophoresis. Erythrocytes with a hematocrit of 10% were exposed to 0.1 M LC for 4 hours, with or without pre-treatment with Tinospora cordifolia under normal temperature and pH conditions for 30 minutes. LC significantly increased hemolysis and methemoglobin formation compared to control erythrocytes, while Tinospora cordifolia notably attenuated these effects (P<0.05). LC-treated erythrocytes showed elevated lipid peroxidation levels, which were significantly reduced (P<0.05) by Tinospora cordifolia treatment. LC exposure reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, but these were restored to near-normal levels by Tinospora cordifolia. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed altered protein bands in LC-exposed erythrocytes, which were mitigated by pre-incubation with Tinospora cordifolia. These findings suggest that Tinospora cordifolia mitigates LC-induced erythrocyte damage by reducing oxidative stress through its SOD and CAT activity, as supported by native gel electrophoresis results.