Promoting the Reaction Kinetics of Li/CFx Batteries Using the Catalytic Properties of CoCuFeZnNi/CNT Composite Structures

Lithium carbon fluoride primary battery systems hold considerable promise for aerospace and deep-sea applications, yet they are limited by sluggish kinetics and low discharge plateaus. Incorporating high-conductivity materials such as carbon nanotubes is a key strategy to enhance charge migration; however, it is still difficult to use carbon nanotubes and other materials to catalyze the conversion reaction of CFx. Given this, the present work successfully fabricated a high-entropy alloy/carbon nanotube composite structure (CoCuFeZnNi/CNT) by loading a high-entropy alloy on the surface of carbon nanotubes and used it as a catalyst to effectively enhance the reaction kinetics of Li/CFx batteries. The CoCuFeZnNi/CNT catalyst exhibits a characteristic carbon nanotube structure with uniformly dispersed high-entropy alloy nanoparticles embedded within the tube walls. Its synergistic effect enhances the kinetic performance of the Li/CFx batteries. At 0.1 C, the specific capacity reaches 1113.6 mAh g–1, and the discharge voltage plateau is 2.455 V. Further analysis confirms that CoCuFeZnNi/CNT effectively accelerates the CFx conversion kinetics, facilitating rapid and uniform lithium fluoride nucleation and growth within the electrode structure. This provides a critical kinetic basis for maximizing the discharge capacity of CFx in a Li/CFx system. This research offers material solutions and theoretical support for the development of high-performance Li/CFx batteries.