Synthesis and Characterization of Silica‐Doped Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch‐Derived Activated Carbon With Immersion Time Variation for High‐Performance Battery Anodes

Abstract In this work, the synthesis and characterization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)‐derived activated carbon were investigated for battery electrode applications, focusing on the effects of NaOH immersion time and silica doping. Chemical activation was carried out with variations in NaOH immersion time. The optimal activation time of 30 h produced the highest surface area of 210.14 m 2 g −1 , specific capacity of 154.02 mAh g −1 , and voltage stability of 2.64 V for the activated carbon. The SiO 2 –G/C composite shows the highest surface area of 396.72 m 2 g −1 , specific capacity of 396.72 mAh g −1 , and a voltage of 2.98 V, indicating significant improvement in electrochemical properties. The results highlight the potential of OPEFB‐derived activated carbon with silica doping for high‐performance battery anodes in energy storage applications, specifically lithium‐ion batteries.