Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction

Female sexual function and dysfunction is an often-overlooked component within clinical visits. Female sexual disorders are classified by the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health and Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine along the following categories: hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, female orgasm disorder, and genitopelvic pain disorder. Although more attention has been given to sexual health and developing options for treating dysfunction in recent years, significant knowledge gaps remain in addressing sexual health concerns as part of patient-centered care. Assessing female sexual function consists of obtaining a comprehensive clinical history and performing a thorough physical examination of the pelvic floor and vulvovaginal anatomy. Causes of sexual dysfunction include biologic, psychologic, interpersonal, and sociocultural risk factors. A nuanced approach incorporating evidence-based guidelines and tailored treatment plans that align with the patient's personal goals helps optimize patient sexual health outcomes.