Medical Mistrust and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing Among African Americans and White Americans

Recent research suggests that in addition to structural barriers (e.g., access), psychosocial factors like medical mistrust can influence uptake of COVID-19 tools and treatments. However, less is known about racial differences in how medical mistrust affects SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We evaluated whether medical mistrust alters receptivity to SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, and whether this influence differs across race. African American (<i>N</i> = 298) and White American (<i>N</i> = 205) participants were recruited from a Midwest urban community for an online study about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Participants completed the Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale and then viewed educational videos about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, antibodies, and antibody testing. Participants reported their receptivity to antibody testing using Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) measures (attitudes, normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control, and intentions). Medical mistrust was significantly higher among African Americans than White Americans, although there were no race differences in receptivity to antibody testing. Multiple regression analyses showed that higher medical mistrust was associated with lower receptivity to antibody testing across all TPB measures. A significant race x medical mistrust interaction revealed that medical mistrust was more strongly associated with less favorable antibody testing attitudes among White Americans than African Americans. Results suggest that medical mistrust may be a psychosocial barrier to antibody testing. However, despite being higher among African Americans, mistrust may exert a stronger influence on receptivity toward antibody testing among White Americans, highlighting a need to consider medical mistrust as a barrier to health behavior responses across racial groups.