Research on Storage and Transportation Cost Control and Technological Breakthroughs from the Perspective of Global Hydrogen Energy Development

As the world accelerates towards the "carbon neutrality" goal, the green transformation of the energy system has become an inevitable choice in addressing climate change. Hydrogen energy, with its unique characteristics, is regarded as the "fourth-generation energy" following coal, oil and electricity, and plays a crucial role in addressing energy and environmental challenges. Germany, Japan, China, the European Union and other countries have all elevated it to a national strategy. This article focuses on the high cost issue of hydrogen storage and transportation, clarifies the cost differences among various storage and transportation technologies (high-pressure gaseous, cryogenic liquid, magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage, and ammonia/methanol carrier transportation), determines the optimal applicable scenarios for each technology, and provides solutions to reduce storage and transportation costs. This study employs a technical and economic comparison analysis method. Based on the cost data of hydrogen storage and transportation technologies (such as magnesium-based hydrogen storage costs and transportation costs over different distances) and technical parameters, it comparatively analyzes the economic performance of various technologies under different transportation distances and scales. Suggestions such as giving priority to hydrogen blending in existing pipelines and developing 35MPa road transportation can effectively reduce the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation, facilitate the large-scale application of hydrogen in transportation, industry and other fields, and provide support for the integration of hydrogen into the global sustainable energy system.