Long-tunneled external ventricular drainage (LTEVD) for the prevention and treatment of infections in pediatric and adult hydrocephalus

Outcomes for LTEVD are generally comparable to STEVD in both children and adults. While LTEVD may offer potential long-term advantages for infection management, current evidence does not confirm its superiority. LTEVD may be appropriate for prolonged drainage needs, but further research is required due to limited evidence and study heterogeneity.