A systematic review of contact tracing interventions for international arrivals by air, sea, or land

Informed by this systematic review, public health agencies should consider developing or reviewing their national disease-specific guidance, ensuring guidance for all key modes of international transport is included. Higher quality studies are required to inform the effectiveness of contact tracing for preventing further transmission related to international travel. Strategic efforts should continue to concentrate on improving the relationship between public health organisations and transport providers to facilitate timely public health actions.