Clinical Characteristics, Indications, and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemaker Implantation: A Retrospective Descriptive Study

Abstract Background Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) is indicated for the treatment of conduction abnormalities and rhythm disorders. It implies the deployment of a small electronic device that delivers electrical stimulation to the heart through electrodes. PPI was introduced to Rwanda's healthcare system in 2020, as the first catheterization laboratory was established. Hence, there is a need to analyze its utilization, outcomes, and potential challenges Aim and objectives This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics, indications, and procedural outcomes of patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation at King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda Methods This retrospective descriptive study included 111 patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation at King Faisal Hospital between December 2020 and June 2024. Data were extracted from medical records, including demographic information, comorbidities, indications for pacemaker implantation, and complications encountered. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and chi-square tests were used to assess significant associations. Result The results revealed that the study population had a mean age of 66.7 years, with 56.8% being female. The most common indication for pacemaker implantation was atrioventricular block (69.4%), followed by symptomatic bradycardia (9%). Dual-chamber and single-chamber pacemakers were used in 85.6% and 9% of cases, respectively, while cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was used in 6 patients (5.4%). The most frequent presenting symptoms were fatigue (58.6%), dyspnea (44.1%), and dizziness (32.4%). Hypertension (59.5%) and diabetes (12.6%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Complications occurred in 13 patients (12%), while mortality was not reported (0%). Conclusion This study describes patients’ demographics, clinical profiles, and outcomes of permanent pacemaker implantation in Rwanda. The findings highlight atrioventricular block as the most common indication, the widespread use of dual-chamber pacemakers, and the range of adverse outcomes encountered. These results underscore the need for continued research and resource allocation to optimize patient care and procedural outcomes. This research contributes valuable insights to the broader understanding of emerging experiences in cardiac interventions within Africa.