Critical Appraisal Tools for Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Studies: Scoping Review

The results picture a landscape of evidence tools where reporting tools predominate, followed by critical appraisal, and a few tools for risk of bias. The mismatch of bias in AI and epidemiology should be considered for critical appraisal, especially regarding fairness and bias mitigation in AI. Finally, chatbot assessment studies represent a vast and evolving field in which progress in design, reporting, and critical appraisal is necessary and urgent.