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Abstract Processes that form and deform any rock leave distinct imprints on its microstructure. The description and interpretation of these microstructural features aids in understanding rock's evolution. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is widely regarded as a method for characterizing rock microstructures. Microstructures generally vary based on the activity of deformation mechanisms, which are influenced by factors such as temperature, rock composition, strain rate and the presence of fluid or melt. To assess the impact of deformation mechanisms on magnetic fabric development, this study compares the microstructural and magnetic record evolution in a high‐temperature shear zone (SZ) in marble with previously published data from a low‐temperature SZ in similar rock. In the high‐temperature SZ, evidence of high‐temperature grain boundary migration recrystallization is observed. This results in a weak but evolving calcite crystallographic preferred orientation, accompanied by a continual reorientation of a shape preferred orientation of constant intensity. The magnetic fabric aligns closely with these changes in orientation but shows limited correlation between strain and magnetic fabric strength. In contrast, the earlier‐studied low‐temperature, dominated by subgrain rotation recrystallization, exhibits a magnetic fabric‐strain relationship governed by the representation and mutual orientation of newly formed subfabrics at the microscale. These findings highlight the critical role of deformation mechanisms in shaping magnetic fabric patterns and their relationship to strain suggesting that certain types of deformation mechanisms may not necessarily lead to a significant increase in the magnetic fabric strength in direct correlation with strain gradient.