European perspectives on pre-hospital interagency collaboration during terrorist incidents: a focus group study

This study revealed a significant paucity of joint education and training opportunities. Training concepts should place greater emphasis on behavioural competencies instead of rigid protocol compliance. Although promising response frameworks exist across Europe, various deployed strategies risk prolonging the therapeutic vacuum of casualties inside high-risk zones and impairing provider safety. Joint strategies and interprofessional exchange will be essential to decrease such systemic vulnerabilities.