Clinical Utility of Urine Hormone Metabolite Testing in Personalized Medicine: A Case Report of a Male Patient with Low Testosterone.

Sex hormone and hormone metabolite testing before and after each intervention enabled careful step-by-step additions of supplements, which helped to improve testosterone levels while maintaining healthy estrogen metabolism. Given the patient's genetic background, this approach also ensured that any unintended effects on methylation were minimized. The convenience of the at-home dried urinary sampling method facilitated before-and-after testing.