The impacts of distribution practices on sustainability in urban transformation projects

Urban transformation projects aim to increase the resilience of cities to disaster risks while promoting social, economic and spatial development. The success of such projects depends on fair and sustainable approaches that ensure physical transformation and social justice. However, inequities in distribution, particularly the unfair allocation of entitlements, undermine the social acceptance and long-term sustainability of these initiatives. Value-based distribution models that take into account the market value of both existing and new properties, can promote fairer representation of right holders. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a value-based distribution model designed to ensure fair representation of stakeholders. The model is developed and applied to two neighbourhoods (Harman and Mevlana) in the Talas district of Kayseri, Türkiye. In this article, the implementation of the model is demonstrated using distribution scenarios developed specifically for the Mevlana neighbourhood. The main objective is to enable the beneficiaries to participate in the project with minimal or no financial debt. Each scenario is comparatively analysed based on equity, transparency and financial feasibility. The results show that the value-based model promotes equitable distribution, reduces financial burden and improves social sustainability. This approach provides a valuable reference for future urban transformation projects in Türkiye.