Seizure Frequency Trends Over Time in Treatment-Resistant Focal Epilepsy

Findings from the HEP2 study imply that FTRE improves over time, ASM additions had low probability of achieving seizure freedom but contributed to seizure reduction, and device-treated participants exhibited similar seizure trajectories to those without devices. Whether improvements reflected the natural history of FTRE or active management remains unclear, but our findings suggest cautious interpretation of open-label studies positing disease-modifying effects and further research into FTRE treatment response.