Dandruff scalp microbiome exhibits flake severity and sex-related differences

Our findings underscored significant severity-associated variations in microbial ecology. For the first time, we unveiled sex-related differences in microbiome profiles among individuals with dandruff, with male profiles resembling a severe dandruff dysbiosis state. These results highlight a progressive development of microbiome dysbiosis with dandruff severity and suggest potential mechanistic differences between male and female dandruff conditions, which may require different intervention strategies.