Success of Outpatient Treatment for Canine Parvovirus in a Subsidized Community Medicine Clinic in Florida

Introduction: Typical inpatient treatment for canine parvovirus (CPV) is expensive and unaffordable for many pet owners. Outpatient treatment may be a viable alternative when hospitalization is inaccessible due to finances or other barriers. This study aimed to determine survival for dogs receiving a once-daily clinic visit outpatient treatment protocol for CPV in a community medicine clinic. Potential predictors of survival, as well as owner-reported treatment satisfaction and feasibility, were also examined. Methods: Within a prospective, observational design, data including patient history, clinical signs, treatments received, and treatment outcome were captured in the medical record. Owners were invited to complete a survey about their treatment experience. Survival and survey responses were summarized using counts and percentages. Logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate potential predictors of survival. Results: During the study period of October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2023, 113 dogs met the inclusion criteria and were treated with the once-daily outpatient CPV protocol. Of these, 73 survived, 23 died, two were euthanized during treatment, and 15 were lost to follow-up. Seventy-four percent (73/98, 95% confidence interval, 65%–83%) of those with a known outcome survived. Requiring and receiving ≥ 2 days of subcutaneous fluids, having pale mucous membranes at baseline, and being referred for and receiving weekend treatment at a partner clinic predicted decreased survival, while having ≥ 3 total once-daily clinic visits was associated with increased survival. Most owners reported that the treatments were easy to administer and that they had a positive experience and were satisfied with the treatment. Conclusion: Findings build upon existing research showing good outcomes with lower-cost CPV treatment, adding another evidence-based option to tailor treatment to the needs and preferences of the patient, client, clinic, and community. Offering outpatient treatment within a spectrum of care approach can increase access to care for more dogs with parvovirus.