Cistus x incanus L. extract as a complex polyphenolic blend with retained anti-adhesive and anti-inflammatory properties in a model of E. coli-induced UTI following simulated digestion

These findings support, for the first time, the traditional use of Cistus x incanus in UTI, highlighting its ethnopharmacological relevance in the treatment of urinary infections. The mechanism of action, which includes anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesive activities of the extracts, has been investigated. The efficacy was observed at micromolar concentrations, which are supposed to be reached in vivo consuming Cistus x incanus food supplements. These findings lay groundwork for preclinical UTI models. Moreover, the outcomes in the present study warrant clinical investigations to consolidate our findings.