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The problem of adverse side effects affecting various organs and systems in patients receiving molecular targeted therapy for oncological diseases remains relevant. One group of such drugs are inhibitors of the MEK signaling pathway. These antineoplastic agents inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinases MEK1 and/or MEK2 and are used, among other indications, in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. In ophthalmology, ocular toxicity associated with MEK inhibitors has been defined as MEK retinopathy—a characteristic binocular toxic retinal lesion with multifocal foci of neuroepithelial retinal detachment resembling mercury droplets, which reduces visual acuity and often resolves spontaneously or upon discontinuation of targeted therapy. This article presents a clinical case of toxic retinopathy in a female patient receiving targeted therapy with trametinib and dabrafenib for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. The clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of MEK retinopathy are described, differential diagnosis with central serous chorioretinopathy is provided, and the results of empirical therapy for this condition are presented, along with insights into its course and response to different treatment methods.