Clinicopathologic profile of synchronous tumors in patients undergoing surgery for gynecologic malignancy: a retrospective single-center study

Aims: This study aimed to characterize tumor types and clinicopathological features of synchronous tumors in women operated for gynecologic malignancies. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 20 consecutive patients with a pathological diagnosis of synchronous tumors. Patient demographics, HPV/cytology findings, surgical procedures, histopathological features, treatment modalities, and early outcomes (recurrence and mortality) were collected and analyzed. Results: Mean age was 60.3 years and mean BMI was 31.6 kg/m². Hypertension and diabetes were each present in 35%. Most were HPV-negative (90%); cytology was negative in 65% (abnormalities: ASC-US 20%, ASC-H 5%, HSIL 10%). Synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinoma (SEOC) was observed in 80% of the patients. The majority of patients had endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC). Among SEOC patients, 62.5% had stage I–II tumors. In these cases, histological concordance between synchronous tumors was 62.5%, while staging concordance was 75%. Conclusion: SEOC predominated with high histologic concordance between synchronous tumors. Although SEOC is typically detected at an early stage, there was significant concordance between synchronous tumors in terms of both histology and staging.