Convergent Genetic Architecture in Concurrent Anorectal Malformations and Hypospadias: The ESRRA-STARD8 Axis as a Key Regulator of Urogenital Development

This study suggests a potential <i>ESRRA-STARD8</i> regulatory pathway contributing to the pathogenesis of concurrent ARM and hypospadias. The convergence of hormonal dysregulation (via <i>ESRRA</i>) and structural defects (via <i>STARD8</i>) provides a unified molecular mechanism for these complex malformations. These findings have immediate implications for genetic screening, counseling, and potentially personalized surgical management of affected children.