Qualitative Exploration of Factors Contributing to Suicide: Perspectives of the Deceased's Family Members

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the perceived causes of suicide from the perspective of those closest to the deceased, providing insights for prevention efforts with a focus on the cultural context of Iran. Suicide remains a significant global public health concern with complex and multifaceted etiologies. Objectives: Understanding the perceived causes of suicide from the perspective of those closest to the deceased can provide invaluable insights for prevention efforts, particularly within specific cultural contexts such as Iran. Methods: This qualitative content analysis study analyzed in-depth interviews with 90 participants who were relatives of individuals who died by suicide in Ilam province, Iran, over a five-year period. Information regarding the 90 deceased individuals (mean age 37.31 ± 16.29) was obtained through a review of forensic files and interview data from their relatives. Thematic analysis followed the framework of Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The deceased individuals were predominantly male (53.68%), married (61.1%), and had low educational levels. Five main themes emerged: Family and marital conflicts, psychological problems, economic hardships, health and trauma factors, and social and legal stressors. Hanging (51.1%) and medication overdose (33.3%) were the most common methods. Conclusions: Suicide is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by a complex interplay of individual, familial, social, and economic factors. The results emphasize the importance of culturally sensitive prevention strategies in Iran, including mental health support, family counseling, addiction treatment, and socioeconomic assistance.