Multimodal Nanobiophysical Profiling of Melanoma-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Glycan Signatures Associated with Tumor Progression

Metastatic melanoma-derived sEVs exhibited distinct Con A-detectable high-mannose glycosylation patterns that may represent malignancy-associated features. This study demonstrates the utility of multimodal nanobiophysical methods, particularly FIDA, as sensitive tools for EV glycoprofiling. While the present findings are based on cell line-derived sEVs, they support the translational potential of glycan-based signatures for future liquid biopsy platforms and expand the analytical capabilities of cancer nanodiagnostics.