Acute Kidney Injury In Critically Ill Patients: Risk Factors Prevention Management And Protocols

Background: Acute Kidney Injury is a common and dangerous condition in critically ill patients. These patients usually face long hospital stays, high costs, and are at risk of death. A large proportion of AKI cases occur as a consequence of sepsis and hypotension, along with the administration of nephrotoxic drugs. Timely diagnosis, proper preventive action, and appropriate management are essential for the successful treatment of Acute Kidney Injury . Objectives: to analyze the risk factors and the preventive, management, and control strategies for AKI in critically ill patients within the ICU. Methodology: This is a prospective observational study to analyze risk factors, protective strategies, and management of AKI in critically ill patients in the ICU. The study population included adults who were in ICUs for at least 48 hours and developed AKI during their ICU stay. Excluded from the study were patients with end-stage renal disease who were on chronic dialysis, minors, and patients who died within 48 hours of ICU admission. Results: Among 100 patients in the ICU, AKI affected 55% of them per the studied criteria. The patients with AKI Integer Quality Indicator had a mean age of 61.3 ± 14.5 years, whereas non-AKI patients had a mean age of 54.8 ± 13.1 years (p=0.004). Research findings demonstrated that patients diagnosed with sepsis and treated with vasopressors and exposed to nephrotoxic drugs suffered from AKI (p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.03, respectively). The AKI group required extended durations of mechanical ventilation when compared to the other group (p=0.01). Conclusion: Critically ill patients develop AKI primarily because of advanced age, together with sepsis and unstable blood pressure. The treatment of critical Diseases demands that patients receive early fluid enhancement and stay free of toxic drugs. The combination of early detection and customized treatment protocols with appropriate application of renal replacement therapy (RRT) improves both outcomes and decreases complications for patients at high risk.