Epidemiology and Outcomes of Battlefield-Related Penetrating and Closed Traumatic Brain Injuries Compared to Non-Head Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Patients with pTBIs are critically injured with substantial critical care requirements and morbidity. Between patients with pTBIs and cTBIs, there was not a significant difference in non-CNS infection burden or mortality, but pTBI patients did have longer hospitalization. When compared to severely injured military personnel with non-head injuries using propensity scores and IPTW analysis, sustaining a TBI (penetrating or closed) was not associated with having more non-CNS infections or a longer hospital stay. This may be a result of the high injury severity (median of 26) and relative occurrence of polytrauma in the total population. Patients with TBIs (penetrating or closed) did have a greater risk of mortality compared to patients with non-head injuries.