The Impact of Short, Structured ENT Teaching Interventions on Junior Doctors’ Confidence and On-Call Preparedness: A Systematic Review

Short, structured ENT courses for junior doctors are associated with immediate improvements in confidence and knowledge, with some evidence of objective performance gains. However, the predominance of single-arm designs and brief follow-up limits causal inference and conclusions regarding retention, workplace behaviour, and patient outcomes. More robust comparative studies with blinded assessment and longitudinal follow-up are needed to determine sustained impact.