Extended reality in training to operate in hazardous environments – a pilot study for CBRN training in military context

In this pilot study (n = 32), user experiences and feedback were collected to examine the suitability of extended reality (XR) technology in training to operate with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats. In the studied scenario the users performed measurements of visualized nuclear detonation, using both virtual and physical tools. Overall, the participants viewed the XR environment positively. The XR system was considered easy to use, although verbal comments after the XR training session and observations by the researchers pointed to the difficulty in operating and handling the virtual items, such as the angular ruler, the wrist watch, and the compass. It is suggested, that in the future version of the system all the used items should be physical ones and brought to the XR environment using trackers, for example. The visual outlook of the XR environment was praised in verbal comments after the use experience and this same position could be observed also in the self-reported sense of presence factors. It must also be noted, that for some participants the clearly observable wow-effect they experienced in the beginning of the XR training session led them to almost forget their task when they spent time examining the visual features of the environment. In the self-reports, the participants also viewed the XR environment to be especially interesting and to support their learning of the topic. These results support the using of XR technologies in the training of CBRN defence skills. In future studies, learning effects between groups practicing with XR or with more traditional methods could be compared.