Enteric microneedles functionalized to photoresponsive micromotors

In this study, we introduce microneedle-shaped micromotors (MN-MMs) driven by near-infrared (NIR) light to improve targeted drug delivery in the gut environment. Micromotors (MMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to overcome the limitations of traditional passive drug delivery systems. By embedding photoabsorbers into individual microneedles (MNs), we create self-propelled devices that generate motion through photothermal effects. These MN-MMs are fabricated from enteric polymeric materials, protecting them from the stomach environment while enabling pH-targeted drug release in the small intestine. NIR light, which is known for its deep tissue penetration and biocompatibility, serves as an ideal external stimulus to power the MN-MMs. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that photoresponsive dyes are used to fabricate MN-MMs and are responsible for their movement when interacting with NIR light. This innovative approach highlights the potential of MN-MMs for drug delivery in challenging environments like the GI tract.