Tracking Day Shift Nurses’ Work Patterns Using an Indoor Positioning System in an Internal Medicine Ward at a Japanese University Hospital

The IPS effectively quantified nurse location and workload patterns. The finding that total room presence was shorter while bedside time per patient was longer suggests that higher weekday staffing enables more focused and efficient task allocation. IPS technology demonstrates strong practical utility as a scalable, data-driven tool for objectively evaluating nursing efficiency and guiding staffing policy decisions under Japan's DPC/PDPS system.