Natalizumab and fumarate treatment differentially modulate CD4+ T cell and B cell subtypes in multiple sclerosis patients without impacting durable COVID-19 vaccine responses

pwMS treated with natalizumab or fumarates exhibit similarly robust and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell and humoral responses following vaccination and booster dose. DMT-treated pwMS showing comparable responses to healthy individuals following initial vaccination supports the notion that treatment with these specific DMTs does not diminish strong, long-lasting immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination, despite the phenotypic differences modulated by each therapy.