Bone Turnover–Guided Treatment of Low Bone Density in Haemodialysis Patients Using Bone Biopsy and Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography Imaging

Turnover-guided treatment was associated with improvements in BMD, BTMs, and PET-derived metabolic activity. These findings suggest the potential utility of turnover-informed therapy in CKD-MBD and support ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT as a non-invasive alternative to biopsy.