Protic Ionic Liquid–Water Interactions: A Combined Experimental and Simulation Study on 2-Hydroxypropylammonium Formate

Interactions in mixtures of 2-hydroxypropylammonium formate and water were studied across all compositions and temperatures from 283.15 to 333.15 K using density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity measurements, supported by computational simulations. The ionic liquid was characterized by excess molar properties, viscosity and Gibbs energy of viscous flow were analyzed to assess temperature and composition effects. Molecular dynamics simulations provided further insight into the system’s structural organization and deviations from ideal behavior.