Access and Reimbursement for Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: A Thailand Perspective

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained widespread attention in radiology owing to its potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and access to care.Although highincome countries have spearheaded most AI developments, many middle-income nations, including Thailand, are adapting these technologies to address workforce shortages and healthcare disparities.Thailand, a Southeast Asian country with a population of approximately 66 million, has approximately 1,600 radiologists, yielding a ratio of one radiologist per 44,000 people [1].This shortage is further compounded by centralization as most radiologists are concentrated in urban tertiary centers, leaving rural hospitals underserved.In recent years, Thailand has developed its own AI ecosystem, which includes research, in-house software development, commercial products, and policy support.