The Ottawa Charter: Indigenous sovereignty, resistance, and health promotion at 40

Contribution to Health Promotion The Ottawa Charter is a powerful guide for fair and healthy societies, but inequities and industrygenerated harms persist. Tobacco and nicotine industries continue to exploit colonial systems, targeting Indigenous peoples and undermining sovereignty and the right to health. Indigenous communities demonstrate strong leadership, including youth leadership, through truthtelling, art, and community action that resist commercial industry control, disease and death. Health promotion must centre sovereignty, justice, and equity to confront racism, sexism, ageism, ableism, colonialism, and digital exploitation. The future of health promotion lies in abolitionist and structural reform, building fair and healthy futures for all, free from industry-generated harms.