Proteomic Characterization of Major Fish Allergy Responsive Protein Parvalbumins in Hilsa ( <i>Tenualosa ilisha</i> ): A Commercially Important Fish in Southeast Asia

Parvalbumin-beta (PRVB) is the major allergen in bony fish; however, its characteristics in Hilsa, an economically important anadromous fish in Southeast Asia, remain unclear. This study characterized Hilsa PRVs using proteomic approaches across two major riverine habitats and developmental stages. Three PRV isoforms were identified in Hilsa muscle through unique peptide sets. Label-free quantitative proteomics, supported by ELISA, revealed higher PRVB levels in juvenile Hilsa compared with adults, independent of habitat. Comparative analysis showed that Hilsa contained significantly lower PRVB than other freshwater species. Additionally, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomics demonstrated PRV's potential as a marker for allergen quantitation and for authenticating Hilsa in mixed fish samples. These findings provide novel insights into Hilsa PRVs, offering a foundation for future studies of fish quality, allergen assessment, and food safety.