"EYES WIDE OPEN" – ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SECURITY

<p>This paper presents an original scientific contribution through the comprehensive application of the case study methodology in analyzing the evolving cyber threats that shape information security in the 21st century. Rather than relying on a descriptive or review-based approach, the paper introduces a clear scientific structure with defined criteria for selecting case studies, a methodological framework, and a transversal analysis across different types of attacks. The objective is to provide deeper insight into the behavioral patterns of modern threat actors, identify critical vulnerabilities, and formulate recommendations that can be practically applied within organizations of all sizes. The paper includes four extended case studies based on a combination of academic literature, industry reports, and contemporary sources.</p>