Discriminative Cut-Offs, Concurrent Criterion Validity, and Test–Retest Reliability of the Oxford Vaccine Hesitancy Scale

The OVHS demonstrates good-to-excellent discrimination for historical COVID-19 vaccine refusal and strong temporal stability. We found a single, transparent, and transportable operational cut-off (≥35). Our cut-off derivation framework is scale- and endpoint-agnostic and may generalize to other hesitancy instruments and decision cut-offs more broadly.