Relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and physical processes during pregnancy and labour

Abstract Aim An individual’s socioeconomic status affects their living environment, conditions, and behavioural patterns. Research indicates that people with lower socioeconomic status experience higher rates of diseases and health issues. Studies have also shown a greater likelihood of pregnancy complications associated with factors such as low education, occupational status, and income. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and physical processes during pregnancy and labour. Subject and methods Between January and September 2023, an online cross-sectional survey was carried out among mothers living in Austria. The study examined demographic factors, assessed their financial and social status, and explored various aspects related to pregnancy and childbirth. Results Our results show associations between the socioeconomic status of women—defined in this study by indicators such as education, subjective status location, and financial possibilities—and the need for medical treatment, such as for infections, gestational diabetes, and threat of premature birth. A low assessment of financial opportunities was found to be associated with an increased number of labour inductions, spinal anaesthesia, and caesarean sections. The lower the socioeconomic status, the worse the care and support during pregnancy and birth were rated. Conclusion The findings indicate that a lower socioeconomic status is associated with adverse health outcomes during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as diminished satisfaction with healthcare. Education has been demonstrated to function as a protective factor; therefore, health literacy should be promoted.